NATS Air Traffic Controller Training: Stages, Length & Validation Explained

Passing NATS selection is the beginning, not the end. What follows is a structured, paid training programme that turns you from a successful applicant into a fully licensed air traffic controller. Here is how that journey works and how long it takes.

A Paid Apprenticeship From Day One

NATS trains trainee controllers through a Level 5 apprenticeship. You are employed and paid from the very first day of training — there are no tuition fees, and you earn a salary throughout (see our salary guide for the figures). NATS is candid that the path is "not a quick and easy one"; it takes time, commitment and consistent effort, but the rewards at the end make it worthwhile.

Stage 1: College-Based Initial Training

After a short induction at the NATS Corporate and Technical Centre in Hampshire, you attend one of NATS's initial training organisations for classroom and simulator training. Depending on the year and specialism, training is delivered at sites such as the NATS centre at Whiteley in Hampshire or Global ATS at Gloucestershire Airport near Cheltenham.

This phase combines theory — the rules of the air, navigation, meteorology, separation standards — with practical sessions on radar and tower simulators. Most college-based training is completed within a year to eighteen months, though the exact length varies by specialism and how quickly you progress through each phase. At the end of it, you are awarded a Student Air Traffic Control licence.

The Three Types of Controller

During training you specialise toward one of the three controller disciplines, each based in different environments:

Stage 2: Operational Unit Training and Validation

Holding a Student licence means you can begin live training — but always under the supervision of a qualified instructor. You are posted to an operational unit (one of the two control centres, Swanwick or Prestwick, or an airport) where your hands-on training continues on real traffic. You train on the specific airspace or aerodrome you have been assigned to until you validate — meaning you demonstrate you can work the position safely and independently. On validation, you are issued your full Air Traffic Controller licence.

How Long Does It All Take?

From starting training to becoming a fully validated controller typically takes around three years, though it varies with specialism, unit complexity and individual progress. Busy, complex units generally take longer to validate on than quieter ones.

You Are a "Mobile Grade"

An important practical point: NATS controllers are mobile grades, which means you can be posted anywhere in the UK based on the needs of the business. During selection you cannot express a binding preference for location, so a willingness to relocate is part of the commitment. It is worth thinking honestly about this before you apply, as it affects family and personal life.

Preparing for the Journey

The training is demanding but well-supported, and the hardest part for most people is simply getting through selection to reach it. If you are at the start of the process, read our guides to the requirements and how competitive selection is, and practice the aptitude tests for free before you apply.